Zviri mukati zvinotevera zvakashandurwa kubva kuChinese kuburikidza nekushandura kwemuchina pasina kugadziriswa mushure mekugadziriswa.
Kushandura chiJapanese muchiChinese ndeimwe yematambudziko akajairika mubasa rekushandura, kunyanya nekuda kwekusiyana kwemaumbirwo emutauro, tsika, uye girama, izvo zvinoita kuti maitiro ekushandura azare nekuoma. Mukushandura chiJapanese, kune matambudziko akawanda anowanzo sangana nevashanduri vechiChinese panguva yekushandura, kunyanya maererano nekusiyana kwegirama, kusarudzwa kwemashoko, mazita ekuremekedza, uye kutaura kwemuromo. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora matambudziko aya ekushandura zvakadzama uye kupa mhinduro dzinoenderana.
1, Kusiyana muGirama yechiJapan
Kusiyana kwegirama pakati pechiJapan nechiChinese ndeimwe yematambudziko akajairika mukushandura. Maumbirwo emitsara muchiJapanese anowanzo kuve murongeka wekuti "subject+object+predicate", nepo muchiChinese ichichinjika, kunyanya mumutauro unotaurwa, uko nzvimbo yechiito chinosimbisa inogona kuchinja zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Pamusoro pezvo, chiJapanese chinoshandisa zvidimbu kuratidza hukama hwegirama, nepo chiChinese chichishandisa kurongeka kwemazwi uye mazwi ekushanda (akadai sa "de", "lai", nezvimwewo) kuratidza hukama hwegirama. Mhinduro: Pakushandura, danho rekutanga nderekupatsanura mitsara yechiJapan, kunzwisisa mabasa egirama echikamu chimwe nechimwe, uye wobva wagadzirisa zvine musoro zvichienderana nemitemo yegirama yechiChinese. Semuenzaniso, muchiJapanese, "が" kana "は" zvinowanzo shandiswa sezviratidzo zvenyaya, uye pakushandura, musoro unogona kufungidzirwa kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu uye chimiro chemitsara chinogona kugadziriswa. Pamusoro pezvo, mitsara yakajairika yakapindurwa kana mitsara ine zvidzidzo zvakasiyiwa muchiJapanese inofanira kuwedzerwa kana kunyorwa patsva zvichienderana netsika dzechiChinese.
2, Matambudziko mukusarudza mazwi
Mamwe mazwi echiJapan haana mazwi anoenderana zvakananga muchiChinese, izvo zvinoita kuti kusarudza mazwi kuve kwakaoma zvikuru mukushandura. Semuenzaniso, izwi rechiJapanese "おরれ様" harina izwi rakaenzana zvachose muchiChinese. Kunyangwe richigona kushandurwa se'kushanda nesimba 'kana' wakashanda nesimba', mamiriro ezvinhu uye mataurirwo ezviri zviviri izvi hazvina kuenderana zvachose. Mhinduro: Pakusangana nemashoko asingaenderane zvakananga, vashanduri vanofanirwa kugadzirisa zvakakodzera zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Semuenzaniso, pamashoko akadai se'kuneta', nzira dzakasiyana dzekushandura dzinogona kusarudzwa zvichienderana nemaitiro emamiriro ezvinhu. Pamusoro pezvo, kune mamwe mazwi ane hunhu hwetsika, kushandura kunotsanangura kunogona kusarudzwa, kana mimwe mitsara ine tsananguro inogona kushandiswa kuita kuti vaverengi vemutauro wavanoda vanzwisise.
3, Dudziro yemutauro unoremekedzeka uye unozvininipisa
Ruremekedzo nekuzvibata zvinhu zvakakosha mumutauro wechiJapanese, nepo pasina mazwi akafanana muchiChinese. Saka, mashandurirwo emashoko ekukudza neanozvininipisa muchiJapanese muchiChinese idambudziko guru mukushandura. MuchiJapanese, mazwi ekukudza haangoratidzwi chete mukuchinja kwezviito, asiwo mumashoko chaiwo uye maumbirwo emitsara akadai sekuti “ございます” uye “おっしいる”, izvo zvinoda kutariswa zvakanyanya. Mhinduro: Pakushandura mazwi ekukudza muchiJapanese, vashanduri vanofanirwa kufunga nezvemaitiro ekutaura uye tsika dzechiChinese. Muzviitiko zvepamutemo, munhu anogona kusarudza kushandisa mazwi ekukudza akadai sekuti “iwe”, “gui”, nezvimwewo; Munzvimbo dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya, mazwi ekukudza anogona kusiiwa zvakakodzera. Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe mazwi ekukudza muchiJapanese anogona kutaurwa kuburikidza nekuchinja kwezwi, senge “おっし동る” ayo anogona kushandurwa se “taura” uye kuratidza ruremekedzo kuburikidza nemamiriro ezvinhu.
4, Chiitiko chekusaita basa muchiJapan
MuchiJapan, zvimwe zvikamu zvemitsara zvinowanzosiyiwa, kunyanya mumutauro unotaurwa. Semuenzaniso, muchiJapan, musoro wenyaya wekuti “きまか?” unowanzosiyiwa, uye “きまか?” unogona kushandurwa se “go?”, asi chikamu chakasiyiwa chinowanzoda kujekeswa muchiChinese. Chiitiko ichi chekusiyiwa chinoda kuti vashanduri vafungidzire zvikamu zvakasiyiwa zvichibva pamamiriro ezvinhu. Mhinduro: Pakushandura, zvakakosha kuwedzera zvikamu zvakasiyiwa zvichibva pamamiriro ezvinhu. Semuenzaniso, muchiJapan, musoro wenyaya wekuti “きまか?” unosiyiwa mumutauro unotaurwa, asi kana ukashandurirwa muchiChinese, zvidzidzo zvakaita sekuti “iwe” kana kuti “isu” zvinofanira kuwedzerwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti mitsara yacho yakarurama uye kuti mashoko acho ajeke.
5、 Kupesvedzera Kwekusiyana Kwetsika Pakushandura
Tsika dzechiJapan nechiChinese dzakasiyana, izvo zvinoita kuti zviomere kuti mamwe mazwi kana tsika dzienderane zvakananga mukushandura. Kunyanya kana zvasvika patsika, tsika, uye hunhu hwevanhu, kushandura kungada kugadziriswa kwetsika. Semuenzaniso, muchiJapan, "いただきます" uye "ごちそうさました" hazvina mazwi akafanana zvachose muchiChinese, saka kusiyana kwetsika kunofanirwa kutariswa pakushandura. Mhinduro: Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, vashanduri vanofanirwa kuve neruzivo rwakati rwetsika dzakasiyana. Pamashoko etsika, kushandura kwetsika kunogona kushandiswa, kana imwe shanduro inotsanangura inogona kupihwa kubatsira vaverengi vemitauro yavanoda kunzwisisa. Semuenzaniso, "いただ〚す" inogona kushandurwa se "Ndatanga kudya", nepo "っちそうした" inogona kushandurwa se "Ndatenda nekugamuchira vaenzi venyu" netsananguro dzakakodzera kana tsananguro.
6, Zvidimbu zveManzwiro neZvirevo muchiJapan
Kune mazwi akawanda emanzwiro nezvirevo muchiJapan zvinoshandiswa kuratidza manzwiro emutauri, maitiro ake, kana matauriro. Aya matauriro echirevo nezvirevo kazhinji haana mazwi akafanana zvakananga muchiChinese. Semuenzaniso, muchiJapanese, zvidimbu zvakaita se "ね", "よ", uye "かな" hazvina zvidimbu zvakafanana muchiChinese. Mhinduro: Pakushandura, unogona kushandisa mazwi echirevo anoenderana muchiChinese zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemamiriro ezvinhu. Semuenzaniso, "ね" inogona kushandurwa se "ba" kana "right", uye "よ" inogona kushandurwa se "oh" kana "ah". Kusarudza mazwi echirevo akakodzera zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu kunogona kuchengetedza matauriro echinyorwa chepakutanga uku uchiita kuti shanduro ive yakajairika.
7, Kubata Mitongo Mirefu Neyakasanganiswa
Maumbirwo emitsara mirefu nemisanganiswa yakajairika muchiJapanese dzimwe nguva anonetsa vashanduri pakuita kupatsanura mitsara. MuchiJapanese, mitsara misanganiswa inobatanidza zvikamu zvakasiyana zvemitsara kuburikidza nezvidimbu nezvinobatanidza, nepo muchiChinese, mitsara mirefu inowanzoda kugadzirisa maumbirwo emitsara kuti itaure zvakajeka. Mhinduro: Kune mitsara mirefu kana misanganiswa yakaoma yechiJapan, vashanduri vanogona kuipatsanura zvichienderana nezvainoreva uye kuiisa nyore nyore mumitsara mipfupi yakati wandei kuti ienderane netsika dzekutaura kwechiChinese. Pamusoro pezvo, kunofanira kutariswa hukama huripo pakati pezvikamu zvemutsara wega wega kudzivirira matambudziko ekufunga kusina kujeka kana kutaura kusina kururama mukushandura.
8, Pfupiso
Kushandura chiJapanese muchiChinese inzira yakaoma inosanganisira matambudziko akasiyana-siyana akadai sekusiyana kwegirama, kusarudza mazwi, mazita ekuremekedza, uye kutaura nemuromo. Kuburikidza nekuongorora kwakadzama matambudziko aya ekushandura, zvinogona kuwanikwa kuti kune mhinduro dziri shure kwedambudziko rega rega. Vashanduri vanofanirwa kuva nehwaro hwakasimba hwemutauro, kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwemutauro kunochinjika, uye kunzwisisa tsika dzakasiyana-siyana kuitira kuti vapedze basa rekushandura kubva muchiJapan kuenda kuchiChinese zviri nani. Mukushandura chiJapanese, kugadzirisa matambudziko aya hakungogone kungovandudza kururama uye kugona kushandura, asiwo kukurudzira kunzwisisana nekutaurirana pakati pemitauro miviri netsika.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-24-2025