Izvi zvinotevera zvinoturikirwa kubva kuChinese sosi neshanduro yemuchina pasina kupepetwa.
Kuturikira chiJapani muchiChinese nderimwe rematambudziko akajairika mubasa rekushandura, kunyanya nekuda kwekusiyana kwemaitiro emutauro, tsika nemagariro, uye girama, izvo zvinoita kuti basa rekushandura rizare nekuoma kunzwisisa. Mushanduro yechiJapanese, kune matambudziko mazhinji ayo vashanduri vechiChinese vanowanzosangana nawo panguva yekushandura, kunyanya maererano nekusiyana kwegirama, kusarudzwa kwemazwi, kukudza, uye kutaura kwemuromo. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora matambudziko aya mukududzira zvakadzama uye nekupa mhinduro dzinoenderana.
1、 Misiyano mumutauro wechiJapani
Misiyano yegirama pakati pechiJapani nechiChinese ndeimwe yematambudziko anowanzo mukushandura. Chimiro chemutsara muchiJapan chinowanzova muhurongwa hwekuti “chidzidzo+chinhu+chinoreva”, ukuwo muchiChinese chinoshanduka-shanduka, kunyanya mumutauro wekutaura, apo chinzvimbo chechiito chechiito chinogona kushanduka zvichienderana nezviri kuitika. Pamusoro pezvo, chiJapan chinoshandisa zvidimbu kuratidza hukama hwegirama, nepo chiChinese chichishandisa kurongeka kwemazwi uye mazwi ekushanda (senge "de", "lai", nezvimwewo) kuratidza hukama hwegirama. Mhinduro: Pakushandura, danho rekutanga nderokupwanya mitsara yechiJapani, kunzwisisa mashandiro egirama echikamu chimwe nechimwe, uyezve kuita gadziridzo dzine musoro maererano nemitemo yegirama yechiChinese. Semuyenzaniso, muchiJapanese, “が” kana “は” anowanzo shandiswa sezvicherechedzo zvemusoro, uye pakushandura, musoro wenyaya unogona kutorwa kubva muchirevo chechinyorwa uye maumbirwo emutsara anogona kugadziriswa. Pamusoro pezvo, mitsara yakajairika kana mitsara ine zvinyorwa zvakasiiwa muJapan inoda kuwedzerwa kana kunyorwa patsva zvinoenderana netsika dzeChinese.
2、 Matambudziko pakusarudza mazwi
Mamwe mazwi echiJapan haana mazwi akananga anofambirana muChinese, izvo zvinoita kuti kusarudzwa kwemazwi kuve kwakaoma zvikuru mukududzira. Semuenzaniso, izwi rechiJapani rekuti "おরれ様" harina izwi rakafanana muChinese. Kunyange zvazvo richigona kuturikirwa richinzi' hard work 'kana' washanda nesimba ', mataurirwo ezviviri izvi hazvienderani zvachose. Mhinduro: Paunosangana nemashoko asingaenderani zvakananga, vashanduri vanofanira kugadzirisa zvakakodzera zvichienderana nezviri kutaurwa. Semuyenzaniso, pamashoko akadai sekuti' exhausted ', nzira dzekushandura dzakasiyana dzinogona kusarudzwa zvichienderana nemaitiro echinyorwa. Mukuwedzera, kune mamwe mashoko ane hunhu hwetsika, shanduro inotsanangura inogona kusarudzwa, kana kuti mimwe mitsara ine tsananguro inogona kushandiswa kuita kuti vaverengi vomutauro waunonangirwa vanzwisise.
3, Shanduro yemutauro unoremekedzwa uye unozvininipisa
Ruremekedzo uye kuzvininipisa zvinhu zvakakosha zvemutauro muJapan, nepo pasina mataurirwo akafanana muChinese. Naizvozvo, mashandurirwo angaitwa mashoko okuremekedza uye anozvininipisa muchiJapani muchiChinese idambudziko guru pakushandura. MuchiJapani, rukudzo haruratidzike mukushandurwa kwechiito chete, asiwo mumazwi chaiwo uye zvimiro zvemitsara senge “ございます” uye “おっ し いる”, izvo zvinoda kunyatsotariswa. Mhinduro: Pakushandura honofics muchiJapanese, vashanduri vanofanira kufunga nezvemaitiro ekutaura uye tsika dzechiChinese. Muzviitiko zvepamutemo, munhu anogona kusarudza kushandisa mazwi ekukudza akadai sekuti “iwe”, “gui”, zvichingodaro; Munzvimbo dzine ruzha, mashoko okuremekedza anogona kusiiwa zvakakodzera. Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe maremekedzo muchiJapan anogona kuburitswa kuburikidza nekuchinja kwenzwi, senge "おっし동る" iyo inogona kuturikirwa ichinzi "taura" uye kuratidza ruremekedzo kuburikidza nemamiriro ezvinhu.
4, Kusiiwa chiitiko muchiJapan
MuchiJapani, zvimwe zvikamu zvezvirevo zvinowanzosiyiwa, kunyanya mumutauro unotaurwa. Semuenzaniso, muchiJapanese, musoro wekuti “きまか?” inowanzosiiwa, uye "きまか?" inogona kuturikirwa ichinzi “enda?”, asi chikamu chakasiiwa chinowanzoda kujekeswa muchiChinese. Ichi chiitiko chekusiya chinoda kuti vashanduri vafungidzire zvikamu zvakasiiwa zvichienderana nezviri kutaurwa. Mhinduro: Pakushandura, zvinodikanwa kuti uwedzere zvikamu zvakasiiwa zvichienderana nemamiriro uye mamiriro. Semuenzaniso, muchiJapanese, musoro wekuti “きまか?” inosiyiwa mumutauro unotaurwa, asi kana ikashandurirwa muchiChinese, misoro yakadai sa“iwe” kana kuti “isu” inofanira kuwedzerwa maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu kuti tive nechokwadi chokuti mutsara wakarurama uye nokujeka kwekutaura.
5, Kupesvedzera kweKusiyana Kwetsika paShanduro
Mamiriro etsika echiJapan nechiChinese akasiyana, izvo zvinoita kuti zviome kuti mamwe matauriro kana kuti tsika dzienzane zvakananga mukushandura. Zvikurukuru kana toreva nezvetsika, magamuchidzanwa, uye tsika dzenzanga, kushandura kungada kugadziridzwa kwetsika. Semuyenzaniso, muchiJapani, “いただきます” uye “ごちそうさました” haana mataurirwo akanyatsoenderana muchiChinese, saka kusiyana kwetsika kunoda kuverengerwa pakushandura. Mhinduro: Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, vashanduri vanofanirwa kuve neruzivo rwakati rwekusiyana kwetsika. Pamataurirwo etsika nemagariro, shanduro yetsika nemagariro inogona kushandiswa, kana kuti imwe tsananguro inogona kupihwa kubatsira vaverengi vemutauro wacho kunzwisisa. Semuyenzaniso, “いただ〚す” inogona kuturikirwa ichinzi “ndatanga kudya”, ukuwo “っちそうした” inogona kuturikirwa ichinzi “Maita basa nekugamuchira vaeni zvakanaka” paine zvirevo kana tsananguro dzakakodzera.
6. Zvimiro zvendangariro uye zvirevo muJapan
Kune mazwi mazhinji ezvinyamusi uye adverbs muchiJapan anoshandiswa kuratidza manzwiro emutauri, maitiro, kana matauriro. Aya ma modal particles uye adverbs kazhinji haana akananga akaenzana mataurirwo muChinese. Semuyenzaniso, mumutauro wechiJapani, zvimedu zvakaita sekuti “ね”, “よ”, uye “かな” hazvina kunyatsofanana muChinese. Mhinduro: Pakushandura, unogona kushandisa mataurirwo emazwi echiChinese maererano nezvinodiwa nemamiriro ezvinhu. Semuenzaniso, "ね" inogona kuturikirwa ichinzi "ba" kana "kurudyi", uye "よ" inogona kuturikirwa se "o" kana "ah". Kusarudza matauriro emazwi akakodzera zvichienderana nezviri kutaurwa kunogona kuchengetedza matauriro emashoko epakutanga asi zvichiita kuti shanduro yacho iwedzere kujeka.
7, Kubata Kwemitsara Yakareba uye Yakasanganiswa
Zvimiro zvemitsara mirefu uye yakakoniwa muJapan dzimwe nguva zvinonetsa vaturikiri pakuputsa mitsara. MuchiJapanese, mitsara yakasanganiswa inobatanidza zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemitsara kuburikidza nezvikamu uye zvibatanidzi, asi muchiChinese, mitsara yakareba inowanzoda kugadzirisa mitsara yemitsara kuti itaure zvakajeka. Mhinduro: Kune mitsara yakaoma yeJapan yakareba kana yakasanganiswa, vaturikiri vanogona kuipatsanura zvichienderana nezvainoreva voita kuti iite mitsara mipfupi yakati wandei kuti ienderane nemaitiro ekutaura kweChinese. Mukuwedzera, kutarisa kunofanira kubhadharwa kune hukama pakati pezvikamu zvemutsara wega wega kuti udzivise matambudziko emafungiro asina kujeka kana kutaura kusina kururama mukushandura.
8, Pfupiso
Kushandura chiJapanese muchiChinese ibasa rakaoma rinosanganisira matambudziko akasiyana-siyana akadai sekusiyana kwegirama, kusarudza mazwi, kukudza, uye kutaura nemuromo. Kuburikidza nekuongorora kwakadzama kwematambudziko ekushandura aya, zvinogona kuwanikwa kuti kune mhinduro kuseri kwedambudziko rega rega. Vashanduri vanofanira kuva nehwaro hwemutauro wakasimba, kushandisa unyanzvi hwemutauro kunochinjika, uye kunzwisiswa kwetsika nemagariro kuitira kuti vapedze zviri nani basa rekushandura kubva muchiJapanese kuenda kuChinese. Mukati mekushandura kwechiJapani, kugadzirisa matambudziko aya hakungogone chete kunatsiridza kurongeka uye kutsetsenura kweshanduro, asiwo kukurudzira kunzwisisana uye kutaurirana pakati pemitauro miviri netsika.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-24-2025