Zviri mukati zvinotevera zvakashandurwa kubva kuChinese kuburikidza nekushandura kwemuchina pasina kugadziriswa mushure mekugadziriswa.
Maitiro ekusarudza kambani yakakodzera yekushandura patent muChirungu kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti magwaro epatent akarurama uye anoshanda zviri pamutemo
Nekuenderera mberi kwekukura kwemaindasitiri, makambani akawanda ari kutarisisa kushandiswa nekuchengetedzwa kwemapatenti epasi rose. Mukuita uku, kushandurwa kwemapatenti kunoita basa rakakosha. Kushandurwa kwemagwaro emapatenti hakungodi chete kutaurirana kwakarurama kwezviri muhunyanzvi, asiwo kunofanirwa kutevedzera zvinodiwa nemutemo wenyika dzakasiyana kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuti mapatent anoshanda pamutemo. Nokudaro, kusarudza kambani yakakodzera yekushandura mapatent muChirungu kwakakosha zvikuru. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora zvakadzama kuti ungasarudza sei kambani yakavimbika yekushandura mapatent muChirungu kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti magwaro emapatenti akarurama uye anoshanda pamutemo.
1. Hunhu hwekushandurwa kwepatent
Kushandura patent kwakasiyana nekushandura magwaro ebhizinesi zvakajairika. Hazvingosanganisiri mazwi ehunyanzvi chete muhunyanzvi, asiwo zvinoda kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemitemo, kushanda kwekodzero dzepatent, uye huwandu hwekuchengetedzwa kwepatent. Zvikanganiso mukushandura patent zvinogona kutyisidzira kodzero dzepatent uye kutoita kuti dzisashande. Saka, pakusarudza kambani yekushandura, kutarisisa kwakakosha kunofanirwa kupihwa kune hunyanzvi hwayo mukushandura patent. Hunhu hwekushandura patent hunonyanya kuratidzwa muzvinhu zvinotevera:
Zvehunyanzvi: Minda yehunyanzvi inobatanidzwa mumagwaro epatenti inowanzo kuve yakaoma, uye vashanduri vanofanirwa kuve neruzivo rwehunyanzvi rwakakodzera kuti vanzwisise uye vataure mazwi ehunyanzvi nemazvo.
Kuve Mumutemo: Magwaro epatenti ane simba repamutemo, uye pakushandura, kukosha kwepatenti yepamutemo kunofanirwa kuratidzwa nemazvo kudzivirira zvikanganiso zvekushandura zvinogona kukonzera kusawirirana kwepamutemo.
Magadzirirwo nechimiro: Magwaro epatenti ane zvinodiwa zvakasimba pachimiro, uye shanduro inofanira kutevedzera zvinodiwa pachimiro kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvinotevedzwa uye zvakakwana.
2. Zvinhu zvakakosha pakusarudza kambani yekushandura patent yeChirungu
Kusarudza kambani yakakodzera yekushandura patent hakusi nyore. Izvi zvinotevera zvinhu zvakakosha zvinoda kutariswa zvakanyanya panguva yekusarudza:
(1) Hunyanzvi hwemakambani ekushandura
Kushandura patent ibasa rakanyanya kukosha, saka, kana kambani yekushandura iine ruzivo uye hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi mukushandura patent ndicho chinhu chikuru chaunofanira kufunga nezvacho pakusarudza. Kambani yekushandura yakakodzera inofanira kuva neruzivo rwenguva refu mukushandura patent uye inokwanisa kufukidza nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzehunyanzvi, dzakadai semagetsi, makemikari, biology, michina, nezvimwewo. Nenzira iyi, kambani inogona kupa masevhisi ekushandura zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nevatengi. Pamusoro pezvo, makambani ekushandura anofanira kuva nechikwata chehunyanzvi chekushandura, kusanganisira vashanduri vane ruzivo rwehunyanzvi uye nyanzvi dzinoziva mitemo ye patent. Vanogona kuona kuti vanonzwisisa uye vanoshandura zviri mukati me patent panguva yekushandura, nokudaro vachiona kuti kushandurwa kwakanaka.
(2) Zvinodiwa uye ruzivo rwevashanduri
Makambani ekushandura patent anowanzo bhadhara vashanduri vane ruzivo rwakakodzera rwehunyanzvi. Zvikwaniriso uye ruzivo rwevashanduri zvinokanganisa zvakananga kururama kwekushandura patent. Pakusarudza, zvinofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti kambani yekushandura inogona kupa vashandi ruzivo rwakakodzera rwedzidzo uye ruzivo rwekushandura. Semuenzaniso, kana uchida kushandura patents mumunda wetekinoroji yemagetsi, mushanduri anofanira kunge aine dhigirii muinjiniya yemagetsi kana hunyanzvi hwakabatana uye ruzivo rwakakura mukushandura patent. Panguva imwe chete, vashanduri vanofanirawo kunzwisisa mazwi emutemo epatent, sezvo kushanda kwepamutemo kwepatents kunoda kutaura kwemutauro. Vashanduri chete vane ruzivo rwakafanana mutekinoroji nemutemo ndivo vanogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti magwaro epatent haarasikirwe nemvumo yepamutemo yechinyorwa chekutanga panguva yekushandura.
(3) Sisitimu yekudzora kunaka kweshanduro
Kururama kwekushandurwa kwemagwaro epatent chinhu chakakosha, saka, zvakakosha kuti makambani ekushandura ave nehurongwa hwekutonga hunoshanda. Makambani ekushandura anowanzo gadzira maitiro akaomarara ekuongorora kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti zviri mushanduro zvakarurama uye zvinoenderana. Kazhinji, makambani ekushandura anoronga vanoongorora vane hunyanzvi kuti vaongorore zvabuda mushanduro uye vasimbise kana chikamu chimwe nechimwe chegwaro remagwaro epatent chichienderana nezviri mumagwaro ekutanga. Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe makambani ehunyanzvi ekushandura anoshandisawo maturusi ekushandura anobatsira nekombuta (CAT tools) kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti shanduro inowirirana uye inoshanda. Maturusi eCAT anogona kubatsira vashanduri kuchengetedza kuenderana kwemashoko mushanduro dzakawanda uye kudzivirira zvikanganiso zvekushandura.
(4) Mukurumbira uye kutaura kwekambani yekushandura
Mukurumbira uye kutaura kwemakambani ekushandura zvinhu zvakakoshawo zvisingafanirwe kufuratirwa musarudzo. Nekunzwisisa ongororo dzevamwe vatengi, zvinogona kubatsira kuongorora kugona kwekambani kwehunyanzvi uye mhando yebasa. Kambani ine mukurumbira wakanaka inowanzova neruzivo rwakakura mukushandura uye mhedzisiro yekushandura yemhando yepamusoro, izvo zvinogona kupa vatengi masevhisi ekushandura emhando yepamusoro epatenti. Unogona kudzidza nezve mashandiro ekambani mumunda wekushandura kwepatenti nekutarisa zvidzidzo zvezviitiko kana tsamba dzevatengi pawebhusaiti yekambani yekushandura. Pamusoro pezvo, unogona zvakare kubvunza vezera rako kana nyanzvi dziri muindasitiri kuti uwane mamwe maonero ekutsvaga.
(5) Mutengo nenguva yekutumira
Pakusarudza kambani yekushandura, mutengo nenguva yekutumira zvinhu zvinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo. Kunyangwe mutengo usingafanirwe kunge uri mwero wepamusoro wekusarudza, kuenzana pakati pemutengo unonzwisisika nebasa remhando yepamusoro kwakakosha. Mitengo yakaderera inogona kureva hunhu husina kunaka hwekushandura, nepo mitengo yakakwira inogona kupfuura bhajeti. Panyaya yenguva yekutumira, kushandura patent kunowanzo sanganisira zvinodiwa zvenguva yakaoma, saka, kusarudza kambani yekushandura inogona kuita nenguva kwakakosha. Kambani yekushandura ichagadzira purogiramu yekutumira yakakodzera zvichienderana nekuoma uye kukurumidza kweprojekiti, uye kupedzisa basa rekushandura mukati menguva yakabvumiranwa.
3. Kudzivirirwa Kwepamutemo Kwekushandurwa KwePatent
Chinangwa chikuru chekushandura patent ndechekuona kuti magwaro epatent ndeechokwadi. Kana shanduro yacho isiri yechokwadi, zvinogona kukonzera kusabvumidzwa kwepatent uye kunyange kusawirirana kwemutemo. Saka, pakusarudza kambani yekushandura, zvakakosha kusimbisa kuti kambani inogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti mhinduro dzeshanduro dzinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemutemo.
(1) Kushandurwa kwakarurama kwemashoko emutemo
Kushandiswa kwemashoko emutemo mumabhuku epatent kwakasiyana nekwemutauro unowanzo shandiswa nevanhu, uye zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti kushandurwa kweshoko rega rega repamutemo kwakarurama. Semuenzaniso, zvinoreva mazwi akadai sekuti "chikumbiro" mupatent zvakasiyana nezvinorehwa nemutauro unoshandiswa nevanhu, uye zvikanganiso zvekushandura zvinogona kutungamira kuchinjwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwepatent, nokudaro zvichikanganisa kushanda kwepatent pamutemo. Kuti vadzivise njodzi dzakadai, makambani ekushandura anofanira kuva nevashanduri vepamutemo vane hunyanzvi mumashoko pasi pehurongwa hwakasiyana hwemutemo uye vanonyatsotaura zvinodiwa nemutemo zvepatent. Vashanduri vakadaro vanogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti kushanda kwepamutemo kwekushandurwa kwepatent hakukanganisike.
（2） Ongororo yepamutemo mushure mekushandurwa
Kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti kushandurwa kwemagwaro epatent kunoshanda pamutemo, makambani ekushandura anowanzo kupa masevhisi ekuongorora magwaro epamutemo. Nekuita kuti timu yepamutemo yezvemitemo iongorore magwaro akashandurwa, tinogona kuona chero matambudziko nekukurumidza uye kudzivirira zvikanganiso zvekushandura kuti zvisakanganise kuchengetedzwa kwemagwaro epatent. Mamwe makambani ekushandura anoshandawo nemagweta epatent kuona kuti zvirimo zvakashandurwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemutemo wepatent wenyika yatinoda. Kushandira pamwe uku kunogona kuwedzera kuve nechokwadi chemhando yekushandura uye kuwedzera dziviriro yepamutemo panguva yekunyorera patent.
Kusarudza kambani yakakodzera yekushandura patent muChirungu kwakakosha pakuona kuti magwaro epatent akarurama uye anoshanda zviri pamutemo. Mukusarudza, kutarisisa kwakakosha kunofanirwa kupihwa zvinhu zvakaita sehunyanzvi hwekambani yekushandura, ruzivo rwevashanduri, sisitimu yekudzora kunaka kweshanduro, mukurumbira wekambani, uye mutengo nenguva yekutumira. Pamusoro pezvo, vimbiso yekushanda kwepamutemo chinhu chakakosha chisingafanirwe kufuratirwa pakusarudza kambani yekushandura. Nekusarudza nokungwarira, kunaka kwekushandura magwaro epatent kunogona kuvimbiswa zvikuru, zvichipa rutsigiro rwakasimba rwemutemo kubudiriro yepasi rose yemakambani.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-09-2025