Izvi zvinotevera zvinoturikirwa kubva kuChinese sosi neshanduro yemuchina pasina kupepetwa.
Maitiro ekusarudza akakodzera Chirungu patent kambani yekushandura kuti ive nechokwadi chechokwadi uye kushanda kwepamutemo kwemagwaro epatent
Nekuramba kuchidzika kwekusimudzira maindasitiri, mabhizinesi mazhinji ari kutarisisa mashandisirwo nekuchengetedzwa kwematendi epasi rose. Mukuita uku, kududzira patent kunoita basa rakakosha. Kuturikirwa kwemagwaro epatent hakungodi kutaurirana kwakaringana kwehunyanzvi hwemukati, asiwo kunofanirwa kutevedzera zvinodiwa nemutemo wenyika dzakasiyana kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwemutemo kwemvumo. Naizvozvo, kusarudza yakakodzera Chirungu patent yekushandura kambani inonyanya kukosha. Ichi chinyorwa chichaongorora zvakadzama nzira yekusarudza kambani yakavimbika yeshanduro yeChirungu patent kuti ive nechokwadi chechokwadi uye kushanda kwepamutemo kwemagwaro epatent.
1.Kunyanya kushandura patent
Kushandura patent kwakasiyana neshanduro yegwaro rebhizinesi zvakajairika. Izvo hazvingosanganisire mazwi ehunyanzvi mundima yehunyanzvi, asi zvinodawo kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwezviga zvemutemo, kuve kwechokwadi kwekodzero dzepatent, uye chiyero chekuchengetedzwa kwepatent. Zvikanganiso mukuturikira patent zvinogona kutyisidzira kodzero dzepatent uye kunyange kuita kuti dzisashande. Naizvozvo, pakusarudza kambani yekushandura, kutarisisa kwakanyanya kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune hunyanzvi hwayo mumunda wekushandura patent. Hunhu hwekuturikira patent hunoonekwa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvinotevera:
Tekinoroji: Mamiriro ehunyanzvi anosanganisirwa mumagwaro epatent anowanzo kunetsa, uye vaturikiri vanofanirwa kuve neruzivo rwehunyanzvi rwunoenderana kuti vanzwisise uye vataure nemazvo mazwi ehunyanzvi.
Zviri pamutemo: Mapepa epatent ane chekuita nemutemo, uye pakushandura, kukosha kwepamutemo kwepatent kunofanirwa kuburitswa nemazvo kudzivirira kukanganisa kweshanduro kunogona kukonzera kukakavara kwemutemo.
Mafomati uye chimiro: Mapepa epatent ane zvakaomarara mafomati anodiwa, uye dudziro inofanirwa kuenderana nefomati yakatarwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekutevedzera uye kukwana.
2.Zvinhu zvakakosha pakusarudza kambani yeshanduro yeChirungu patent
Kusarudza kambani yekushandura patent yakakodzera harisi basa riri nyore. Izvi zvinotevera zvakati wandei zvakakosha izvo zvinoda kutariswa zvakanyanya panguva yekusarudza maitiro:
(1) Unyanzvi hwemakambani ekushandura
Kushandura patent ibasa rine hunyanzvi, saka, kana kambani yekushandura ine ruzivo uye hunyanzvi mukududzira patent ndiyo inonyanya kutariswa pakusarudza. Kambani yakakodzera yekushandura inofanirwa kuva neruzivo rwenguva refu mukududzira patent uye inokwanisa kuvhara hunyanzvi hwakasiyana siyana, semagetsi, kemikari engineering, biology, michina, nezvimwewo. Nenzira iyi, kambani inogona kupa masevhisi ekushandura zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nevatengi. Pamusoro pezvo, makambani eshanduro anofanirwa kuva nechikwata chehunyanzvi chekushandura, kusanganisira vashanduri vane ruzivo rwehunyanzvi uye nyanzvi dzinoziva nezvemitemo yepatent. Vanokwanisa kuve nechokwadi chekunzwisisa uye kududzira zvirimo patent panguva yekushandura, nokudaro vachiona hunaku hweshanduro.
(2) Zvinodiwa uye nhoroondo yevashanduri
Makambani ekushandura patent anowanzo kuhaya vaturikiri vane ruzivo rwakafanira. Zvikwaniriso uye mamiriro evashanduri anokanganisa zvakananga kushandurwa kwepatent. Pakusarudza, zvinofanirwa kuoneswa kuti kambani yekushandura inokwanisa kupa vashandi vane ruzivo rwezvidzidzo uye ruzivo rwekushandura. Semuyenzaniso, kana uchida kushandura mapendi mundima yetekinoroji yemagetsi, muturikiri anofanira kunge aine dhigirii reinjiniya yemagetsi kana mamwe makuru ane hukama uye ane ruzivo rwakanyanya mukududzira patent. Panguva imwe cheteyo, vaturikiri vanofanirawo kuva nekunzwisisa kwemazwi emutemo wepatent, sezvo kushanda kwemutemo kwemvumo kunoda kutaura mutauro. Vashanduri vane dzidziso mbiri chete mune zvemichina uye mutemo ndivo vanokwanisa kuona kuti magwaro epatent haarasikirwe nemvumo yepamutemo yemavara ekutanga panguva yekushandura.
(3) Kudzora sisitimu yemhando yeshanduro
Huchokwadi hwekuturikira patent ndicho chinhu chakakosha, saka, zvakakosha kuti makambani ekushandura ave nehurongwa hwekutonga hunobudirira. Makambani eshanduro anowanzo gadza maitiro akasimba ekuverenga kuti ave nechokwadi uye kuenderana kwezviri kushandurwa. Kazhinji, makambani eshanduro anoronga vaongorori vane unyanzvi kuti vaongorore zvabuda mushanduro uye vaone kana chikamu chega chega chegwaro remvumo chichienderana nezviri muunyanzvi uye zvinodiwa nemutemo zvemashoko ekutanga. Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe makambani eshanduro ane hunyanzvi anoshandisawo maturusi ekushandura anoyamurwa nekombuta (maturusi eCAT) kuti ave nechokwadi chekuenderana uye kushanda nesimba mukududzira. Maturusi eCAT anogona kubatsira vashanduri kuti varambe vachiwirirana mumatemu eshanduro dzakawanda uye kudzivirira kukanganisa pakushandura.
(4) Mukurumbira neshoko-remuromo rekambani inoshandura
Mukurumbira uye shoko-re-muromo wemakambani ekushandura zvakare zvinhu zvakakosha zvisingagoni kuregererwa mukusarudza. Nekunzwisisa kuongororwa kwevamwe vatengi, zvinogona kubatsira kuongorora kugona kwekambani nemhando yebasa. Kambani ine mukurumbira wakanaka inowanzova neruzivo rwakanyanya rwekushandura uye mibairo yemhando yepamusoro yeshanduro, iyo inogona kupa vatengi masevhisi epamusoro-soro ekushandura patent. Unogona kudzidza nezve mashandiro ekambani mundima yekuturikira patent nekubvunza nyaya dzenyaya kana mabhii evatengi pawebhusaiti yekambani inoshandura. Uye zvakare, iwe unogona zvakare kubvunzana nevezera rako kana nyanzvi mukati meindasitiri kuti uwane mamwe mareferensi maonero.
(5) Mutengo uye nguva yekuendesa
Pakusarudza kambani yekushandura, mutengo uye nguva yekuendesa zvakare zvinhu zvekufunga nezvazvo. Kunyangwe mutengo usingafanire kunge uri chiyero chepamusoro chekusarudza, chiyero pakati pemutengo unonzwisisika uye sevhisi yemhando yepamusoro yakakosha. Mitengo yakaderera inogona kureva kusarudzika kweshanduro, nepo mitengo yakakwira inogona kudarika bhajeti. Panyaya yenguva yekutumira, kududzira patent kunowanzobatanidza nguva dzakasimba, saka, kusarudza kambani yekushandura inogona kuendesa nenguva kwakakosha. Kambani yekushandura ichagadzira hurongwa hwekutumira hunoenderana nekuoma uye nekukasira kweprojekiti, uye kupedza basa rekushandura mukati menguva yakabvumiranwa.
3.Kudzivirirwa Kwemutemo Kwesimba reKushandura Patent
Chinangwa chekupedzisira cheturidziro yemvumo ndeyekuona kuti magwaro emvumo ari pamutemo. Kana shanduro isina chokwadi, inogona kutungamira mukukoneswa kwepatent uye kunyange kunetsana kwemutemo. Naizvozvo, pakusarudza kambani yekushandura, zvinofanirwa kuvimbisa kuti kambani inogona kuona kuti mibairo yeshanduro inoenderana nemutemo.
(1) Kushandurwa kwechokwadi kwemazwi emutemo
Mashandisirwo emazwi emutemo mumabhuku epatent anosiyana neari mumutauro wakajairika, uye zvinodiwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti kushandurwa kweshoko rega rega remutemo kwakarurama. Semuyenzaniso, zvinorehwa nemazwi akadai sekuti “kudaidzira” mupatent zvakasiyana nezvazvinoreva mumutauro wakajairika, uye kukanganisa kweshanduro kunogona kutungamira kukuchinja kwechikamu chekuchengetedzwa kwepatent, zvichikanganisa kushanda kwemutemo kwemvumo. Kuti vadzivise njodzi dzakadai, makambani eshanduro anofanirwa kuva nevaturikiri vezvemutemo vane hunyanzvi hwekutaura pasi pemagadzirirwo emitemo akasiyana uye vanonyatsotaura zvinodiwa nemutemo zvepatent. Vashanduri vakadaro vanogona kuona kuti kushanda kwemutemo kwepatent hakuna kukanganisa.
(2) Ongororo yemutemo mushure mekushandura
Kuona kushanda kwemutemo kwepatent, makambani eshanduro anowanzo kupa masevhisi ekuongorora zviri pamutemo. Nekuita kuti chikwata chezvemitemo chiongorore magwaro akaturikirwa, tinokwanisa kuona nekukasika matambudziko ese todzivirira kukanganisa kweshanduro kubva mukukanganisa kuchengetedzwa kwepatent. Mamwe makambani eshanduro anodyidzanawo nemagweta epatent kuona kuti zvakaturikirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemutemo wepatent yenyika yainotariswa. Kushandirapamwe uku kunogona kuenderera mberi nekuona kunaka kweshanduro nekusimudzira dziviriro yemutemo panguva yekunyorera patent.
Kusarudza kambani yekushandura patent yeChirungu yakakodzera kwakakosha pakuona huchokwadi uye huchokwadi hwepamutemo hwemagwaro emvumo. Mukuita sarudzo, kutariswa kwakanyanya kunofanirwa kupihwa kune zvinhu zvakaita sehunyanzvi hwekambani yekushandura, kumashure kwevaturikiri, dhizaini yekudzora mhando yeshanduro, mukurumbira wekambani, uye mutengo uye nguva yekutumira. Mukuwedzera, vimbiso yekushanda kwepamutemo ihwowo chinhu chakakosha chisingagoni kuregererwa pakusarudza kambani yekushandura. Nekunyatsosarudza, kushandurwa kwemhando yezvinyorwa zvepatent kunogona kuvimbiswa zvakanyanya, zvichipa rutsigiro rwakasimba rwepamutemo rwekusimudzira bhizinesi repasi rose.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-09-2025