Izvi zvinotevera zvinoturikirwa kubva kuChinese sosi neshanduro yemuchina pasina kupepetwa.
Maitiro ekusarudza kambani inoshandura patent kuti uve nechokwadi chemhando yeshanduro uye nemazvo
Nekuwedzera kuri kuita kudyidzana kwepasi rose, mabhizinesi akawanda uye vanhu vari kupinda mumusika wepasi rose, zvichiita kuti kuchengetedzwa kwehupfumi hunyanya kukosha. Mukutonga kwezvinhu zvehungwaru, patents dzinoita basa rakakosha sechinhu chinokosha chisingabatike. Kuti uve nechokwadi chechokwadi chepamutemo uye kuparadzirwa kwakanaka kwematendi, kududzira kwezvakagadzirwa patent kwakakosha. Kusarudza kambani inoshandura patent ine hunyanzvi pakuona kwemhando yeshanduro uye nemazvo. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora zvakadzama nzira yekusarudza yakakodzera kambani yekushandura patent kuti ive nechokwadi chemhando yeshanduro uye nemazvo.
1. Hunyanzvi: Sarudza kambani ine ruzivo rwekushandura patent
Pane musiyano uripo pakati pekuturikira patent neshanduro yemavarawo zvayo. Kuturikira patent kunoda kuti vashanduri vasangove nehunyanzvi hwemutauro wepamusoro-soro chete, asiwo kuti vanzwisise uye vagone hunyanzvi hwemutemo, hwehunyanzvi, uye hwematendi ane chekuita nemutemo. Naizvozvo, pakusarudza kambani yekushandura, chinhu chekutanga kufunga ndechekuti vane ruzivo rwekushandura patent. Makambani ane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira kazhinji ane vaturikiri vane unyanzvi uye magweta emvumo anogona kunyatsonzwisisa mashoko ehunyanzvi uye zvinorehwa nemutemo zvemashoko ekutanga, achinzvenga kusanzwisisana kana kusiiwa mukushandura. Pamusoro pezvo, makambani ekushandura patent anowanzo gadzira hurongwa hwekutonga hwemhando yakakwana kuti ive nechokwadi chechokwadi uye chemhando yepamusoro yeshanduro kubva pakugashira purojekiti, kushandura, kuverenga kusvika pakutumirwa. Naizvozvo, pakusarudza kambani yekushandura, vemabhizinesi vanofanira kunzwisisa nyaya dzavo dzekare dzepurojekiti uye kusimbisa ruzivo rwavo uye kugona kwavo mundima yekududzira patent.
2. Kuumbwa kwechikwata cheshanduro: vimbiso mbiri dzemutauro nehunyanzvi
Kushandura patent hakungodi kuti vashanduri vave neruzivo rwemutauro chete, asiwo hunoenderana nehunyanzvi hwekuita. Kunyanya kune mamwe mapatent ekugadzira anosanganisira minda yepamusoro-soro, vashanduri vanofanirwa kuve nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kweruzivo rwakakodzera mumunda. Pakusarudza kambani yekushandura, munhu anofanirwa kunzwisisa kuumbwa kwechikwata chayo cheshanduro uye kuti ine vashanduri vane ruzivo rwakakwana here. Chikwata cheshanduro chakakodzera chinofanira kusanganisira zvinhu zvakakosha zvinotevera: kune rimwe divi, zvinoda kuva nenyanzvi dzekushandura dzine hunyanzvi mumutauro waunonongedza (wakadai seChirungu, chiGerman, chiFrench, zvichingodaro); Nekune rumwe rutivi, nyanzvi dzoruzivo rwokugadzira dziri kudiwawo, kunyanya vaya vane ruzivo rwakadzama muzvinhu zvine chokuita noruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, avo vanogona kubatsira vashanduri kunzwisisa mashoko eunyanzvi uye mashoko ounyanzvi mumagwaro epakutanga, vachiva nechokwadi chokuti shanduro yacho yakarurama.
3. Hunhu hunodzora hurongwa: Iva nechokwadi chekururama uye kuwirirana kwekushandura
Kuti tive nechokwadi cheshanduro yemhando yematendi ekugadzira, makambani eshanduro ane hunyanzvi anowanzo gadza masisitimu akasimba ekudzora mhando. Iyo yemhando yekudzora sisitimu haingosanganisire kuongorora uye kuongorora panguva yekushandura, asi inosanganisirawo kushandiswa kweshanduro maturusi akadai semabhangi emitauro uye mabhangi ekuyeuka ekushandura. Makambani eshanduro anofanirwa kunge aine nzira yakakwana yekuverenga uye kuverenga kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti zvinyorwa zvakashandurwa hazvina kusiiwa, kusanzwisiswa, uye zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemutemo uye zvehunyanzvi zvemutauro wauri kududzirwa. Kugadzwa kwedura remashoko kwakakosha zvikuru sezvo kuchikwanisa kubatsira vaturikiri kuti vachengetedze kuwirirana mumashoko uye kudzivisa mamiriro ezvinhu apo izwi rimwe chete rinoshandurwa zvakasiyana muzvikamu zvakasiyana. Pamusoro pezvo, ndangariro yeshanduro inogona kubatsira vaturikiri kuchengetedza kuenderana mumataera uye mazwi panguva yekushandura kwakawanda, kuvandudza mashandiro eshanduro uye nemazvo.
4. Zvinodiwa nemutemo pamatendi uye kurongeka kwemazwi
Kuturikirwa kwematendi ekugadzira hakufanire kungoburitsa izvo zvehunyanzvi, asi zvakare kutevedzera zvinodiwa nemutemo wenyika uko kunowanikwa patent. Mukushandura patent, mazwi emutemo chaiwo akadai se "patent right", "patent application", "inventor", etc. anowanzobatanidzwa, uye shanduro yemashoko aya inoda kuchenjerera. Kushandura kusina kunaka kunogona kukanganisa kushanda kwepatent, uye kunyangwe kushanda kwematendi. Naizvozvo, pakusarudza kambani yekushandura, kunze kwekuda kuti vaturikiri vave neruzivo rwehunyanzvi, zvinodiwawo kuve nechokwadi chekuti vane nzwisiso yekutanga yemitemo yepatent munyika dzakasiyana. Kunyanya mukushandiswa kwemvumo yepasi rose (sekuitwa kweP), makambani eshanduro anofanirwa kunge achijairana nezvinodiwa nemitemo yepatent munyika dzakasiyana siyana kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvinyorwa zvakaturikirwa zvinozadzisa zvinodiwa zvekushandiswa kwepatent yenyika.
5. Kushandisa maturusi eshanduro: kunatsiridza mashandiro eshanduro uye nemazvo
Nekuvandudzwa kwemichina yekushandura, makambani ekushandura ari kuwedzera ari kushandisa maturusi eshanduro yekombuta (CAT). Maturusi aya anogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kushanda nekurongeka kweshanduro, kunyanya mukuturikira magwaro epatent ane nhamba huru yematemu ehunyanzvi uye zvinodzokororwa zvemukati. Maturusi eCAT anogona kubatsira vashanduri kunatsiridza kusachinjika uye kuchengetedza nguva yekushandura. Kushandiswa kwemazwi uye ndangariro yekushandura kwakakosha zvakanyanya mumidziyo yeCAT. Raibhurari yematemu inogona kubatsira vaturikiri kuti vaone kuenderana kwemazwi, ukuwo ndangariro yeshanduro ichikwanisa kuziva nekushandisa zvakare zvakashandurwa kare, kuve nechokwadi chekubatana uye kuenderana mukududzira. Paunenge uchisarudza kambani yekushandura, kunzwisisa kuti vanoshandisa maturusi eCAT uye mashandisiro aanoita kwakakosha pakuvandudza kunaka kweshanduro uye kushanda nesimba.
6. Ongororo dzevatengi uye mukurumbira wekambani
Kuongorora kwemutengi ndeimwe yemaitiro akakosha ekuyera mwero wehunyanzvi hwekambani yekushandura. Nekunzwisisa mhinduro kubva kune vamwe vatengi, makambani anogona kuongorora mashandiro emakambani ekushandura maererano nemhando, nguva yekutumira, maitiro ebasa, uye zvimwe zvinhu. Pakusarudza kambani yekushandura patent, mabhizinesi anogona kunzwisisa mukurumbira nekuvimbika kwekambani mukududzira patent kuburikidza nekutaurirana nevezera rako kana vamwe vatengi. Pamusoro pezvo, mukurumbira wekambani yekushandura zvakare chiratidzo chakakosha chechiratidzo chekusarudza. Makambani ane mukurumbira wepamusoro muindastiri kazhinji ane hunyanzvi hwakasimba hwehunyanzvi uye ruzivo rwakapfuma rweprojekiti. Kusarudza kambani yakadai kunogona kupa mukana wakachengetedzeka kumabasa eshanduro emhando yepamusoro.
7. Kuenzana pakati pehutano hwebasa uye mutengo
Mutengo wemasevhisi eshanduro ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvemabhizinesi pakusarudza kambani yekushandura. Zvisinei, mutengo hausi chiyero chepamusoro. Makambani eshanduro ane mitengo yakaderera anogona kunge aine nyaya dzemhando, huchokwadi, kana hunyanzvi, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kune njodzi huru uye mutengo mukufamba kwenguva. Naizvozvo, pakusarudza kambani yekushandura, mabhizinesi anofanirwa kunyatso tarisa chiyero pakati pemhando yebasa uye mutengo. Kuturikira kwemhando yepamusoro patent kunowanzoda zviwanikwa zvehunyanzvi uye rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi, saka, makambani ane mitengo yakaderera kazhinji haakwanise kupa yakakwana yehuhu hunovimbisa. Mabhizinesi anofanirwa kusarudza makambani eshanduro ane mutengo wakanyanya zvichibva pane zvavanoda kuti vave nechokwadi cheshanduro yemhando yepamusoro vachidzora mabhajeti.
8. Kutungamirirwa kweprojekiti uye kubudirira kwekukurukurirana
Mapurojekiti ekushandura patent anowanzo sanganisira huwandu hukuru hwemukati uye anoda hunoshanda manejimendi uye kurongeka. Pakusarudza kambani yekushandura, bhizinesi rinofanirwa kutarisisa kugona kwaro manejimendi epurojekiti, ingave ichigona kupedza basa rekushandura nenguva, uye kana ichigona kupindura kune zvinodiwa nevatengi uye kugadzirisa nenguva. Pamusoro pezvo, kugona kutaurirana zvakare chimwe chezvinhu zvekufunga nezvazvo pakusarudza kambani yekushandura. Mukati mekushandura patent, kutaurirana kwakanaka pakati pemakambani eshanduro nevatengi kunogona kubatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko nenguva uye kuve nechokwadi chemhando yeshanduro. Mabhizinesi anofanirwa kusarudza makambani eshanduro anogona kupa nzira dzekutaura dzinoshanda, semamaneja eakaundi akazvipira, vatungamiriri vezvirongwa, nezvimwewo, kuti vaone kufambira mberi kwakanaka kweshanduro.
mhedziso
Muchidimbu, pakusarudza kambani yekushandura patent yehunyanzvi, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoda kutariswa, kusanganisira hunyanzvi, kuumbwa kwechikwata chevashanduri, hurongwa hwekutonga kwemhando, zvinodiwa nemutemo uye kurongeka kwemazwi, kushandiswa kwematurusi eshanduro, kuongororwa kwevatengi uye mukurumbira wekambani, chiyero pakati pemhando yebasa uye mutengo, uye manejimendi eprojekiti uye kugona kutaurirana. Kuburikidza nekuzadzisa zvimwe zvipimo muzvikamu izvi ndipo patinokwanisa kuve nechokwadi chemhando nekururama kweshanduro, kuvimbisa kufambira mberi kwakanaka kwekushandisa patent, uye kuva nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kunoshanda kwekodzero dzepfuma.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-15-2025